Typical Mechanical Properties Table
These tables list only the most popular alloys and alloy families. In many instances the minimum mechanical properties are shown improved mechanical properties can sometimes be achieved through alternate heat treatments. If an alloy to meet your requirements is not included please contact us.
Strength PSI
| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| As Cast | 60,000 | 45,000 | 20 | HRB60 | High impact, carburizing, weldable, no post heat |
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| 1020 | IC 1020 | Fair | Annealed | 57,500 | 37,500 | 28 | HRB60 | |
| (G10200) | MIL S 22141 | Norm & Draw 300 ° F | 65,000 | 45,000 | 20 | HRB60 | ||
| 1030 | IC 1030 | As Cast | 70,000 | 45,000 | 12 | HRB70 | Fusion welding or flame hardening grade |
|
| (G10300) | MIL S 22141 | Good | Annealed | 65,000 | 40,000 | 25 | HRB70 | |
| As Cast | 85,000 | 55,000 | 7 | HRB85 | Medium strength structural parts |
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| 1040 | IC 1040 | Good | Annealed | 70,000 | 40,000 | 22 | HRB70 | |
| (G10400) | MIL S 22141 | Quench & Draw 300 ° F | 135,000 | 90,000 | 8 | HRC28 | ||
| Quench & Draw 1000 ° F | 100,000 | 90,000 | 10 | HRC24 | ||||
| 1045 | QQ S 681 | Good | Annealed | 75,000 | 40,000 | 20 | HRB75 | Medium strength structural parts |
| (G10450) | Quench & Drawn | 140,000 | 95,000 | 7 | HRC30 | |||
| 1050 | IC 1050 | Good | Annealed | 90,000 | 45,000 | 14 | HRB85 | Induction hardening |
| (G10500) | MIL S 22141 | Quench & Drawn | 150,000 | 100,000 | 6 | HRC35 | ||
| 1060 | IC 1060 | Good | Annealed | 100,000 | 55,000 | 12 | HRB90 | Good strength and impact combination |
| (G10600) | Quench & Draw | 160,000 | 140,000 | 3 | HRC57 | |||
| 1095 | IC 1095 | Good | Annealed | 100,000 | 70,000 | 20 | HRB95 | General purpose, high carbon tool steel |
| (G10950) | SAE 1095 | Quench & Drawn | 200,000 | 150,000 | 9 | HRC52 | ||
| 4130 | AMS 5336 | Annealed | 80,000 | 60,000 | 18 | HRB85 | Structural parts requiring welding, high fatigue resistance and strength |
|
| (G41300) | MIL S 22141 | Very Good | Quench & Temper 350° F | 200,000 | 170,000 | 6 | HRC38 | |
| QQ S 681 | Quench & Temper 1250° F | 105,000 | 85,000 | 18 | HRC42 | |||
| AMS 5338 | Annealed | 90,000 | 60,000 | 17 | HRB85 | Structural parts; Good combination of fatigue, wear resistance and hardness surface hardenable |
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| 4140 | MIL S 22141 | Very Good | Quench & Temper 350° F | 220,000 | 200,000 | 4 | HRC43 | |
| (G41400) | QQ S 681 | Quench & Temper 900° F | 180,000 | 155,000 | 9 | HRC33 | ||
| Quench & Temper 1250° F | 110,000 | 90,000 | 17 | HRB91 | ||||
| AMS 5330 | Annealed | 90,000 | 70,000 | 15 | HRB85 | Structural parts; Good combination of fatigue, wear resistance and hardness surface hardenable; better hardenability than 4140 |
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| 4340 | IC 4340 | Very Good | Quench & Temper 350° F | 220,000 | 205,000 | 4 | HRC44 | |
| (G43400) | MIL S 22141 | Quench & Temper 900° F | 180,000 | 160,000 | 6 | HRC34 | ||
| Quench & Temper 1250° F | 110,000 | 90,000 | 16 | HRB91 | ||||
| 6150 | IC 6150 | Annealed | 100,000 | 60,000 | 12 | HRB90 | High strength and hardness | |
| (G61500) | MIL S 22141 | Very Good | Quench & Temper 350° F | 230,000 | 210,000 | 2 | HRC45 | |
| Quench & Temper 1250° F | 110,000 | 90,000 | 10 | HRC33 | ||||
| 8620 | MIL S 22141 | Good | Annealed | 70,000 | 50,000 | 22 | HRB80 | Carburizing alloy steel for stressed parts |
| (G86200) | QQ S 681 | Quench & Temper 1200° F | 100,000 | 80,000 | 16 | HRC28 | ||
| 8630 | MIL S 22141 | Good | Annealed | 70,000 | 50,000 | 22 | HRB80 | Structural parts; good combination of fatigue and hardness |
| (G86300) | QQ S 681 | Quench & Temper 1200° F | 150,000 | 115,000 | 17 | HRC28 | ||
| 52100 | IC 52100 | Annealed | HRC25 Max | High hardness and abrasion resistance |
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| (G51986) | MIL S 22141 | Good | Quench & Temper 800° F | 230,000 | 220,000 | 1 | HRC46 | |
| Quench & Temper 1000° F | 180,000 | 170,000 | 5 | HRC58 |
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| Alloy | UNS Nbr | Castability | Approximate Tempered Hardness | Distortion in Heat Treating | Toughness | Wear Resistance | Resistance to Softening at High Heat |
| A-6 | T30106 | Fair | HRC55 | Best | Poor to Fair | Good | Fair |
| D-3 | T30493 | Good | HRC60 | Very Good | Poor | Very Good | Good |
| H-12 | T20812 | Fair | HRC53 | Very Good | Fair | Fair | Good |
| M-52 | T11352 | Good | HRC62 | Fair | Poor | Very Good | Very Good |
| O-2 | T31502 | Good | HRC60 | Very Good | Poor to Fair | Fair | Poor |
| S-1 | T41901 | Very Good | HRC50 | Fair | Good | Poor | Fair |
| S-4 | T41904 | Good | HRC56 | Poor | Good | Poor | Poor |
| S-7 | T41907 | Very Good | HRC55 | Fair | Good | Poor | Fair |
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Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
Strength PSI
| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| 15-5 PH | AMS 5347 | Normalize & Solution Anneal plus Aging | Same as 17-4 except greater ductility in thick sections |
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| (J92110) | ASTM A 747 | Good | 160,000 | 130,000 | 8 | HRC38 | ||
| IC 15-5PH | ||||||||
| Normalize & Solution Anneal or Double Solution Anneal |
10 | HRC28-36 | ||||||
| 17-4 PH | AMS 5355 | Age hardening alloy; best combination of corrosion resistance and hardness; most popular |
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| (J92180) | ASTM A 747 | Very Good | ||||||
| IC 17-4PH | Normalize & Solution Anneal or Double Solution Anneal Plus Aging |
180,000 | 160,000 | 6 | HRC40 | |||
| MIL S 81591 |
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| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| 303 | AMS 5341 | As Cast or | ||||||
| CF-16F | ASTM A 743 | Good | Solution Annealed | 65,000 | 30,000 | 35 | HRB85 | Free machining stainless |
| (J92511) | MIL 5 81591 | |||||||
| 304 | ASTM A 743 | As Cast or | Better corrosion resistance than 302 or 303 |
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| CF-8 | MIL 5 867 | Excellent | Solution Annealed | 65,000 | 30,000 | 35 | HRB85 | |
| (J92600) | ||||||||
| 304L | AMS 5370 | As Cast or | Cryogenic applications, weldable |
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| CF-3 | ASTM A 351 | Excellent | Solution Annealed | 63,000 | 28,000 | 35 | HRB85 | |
| (J92700) | MIL S 22216 | |||||||
| 309 | ASTM A 167 | Good | As Cast or | |||||
| CK-20 | ASTM A 351 | Good | Solution Annealed | 80,000 | 40,000 | 45 | HRB85 | |
| (S30900) | MIL S 22216 | |||||||
| 310 | AMS 5366 | As Cast or | Oxidation resistance to 2,000°F |
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| CK-20 | ASTM A 351 | Good | Solution Annealed | 60,000 | 30,000 | 35 | HRB85 | |
| (S31000) | MIL S 22216 | |||||||
| 316 | AMS 5360 | As Cast or | Food Equipment; paper making equipment, marine use |
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| CF-8M | ASTM A 351 | Excellent | Solution Annealed | 65,000 | 30,000 | 35 | HRB85 | |
| (J92900) | MIL S 867 | |||||||
| 330 | AMS 5716 | As Cast or | ||||||
| (N08330) | ASTM B 511 | Excellent | Solution Annealed | 84,800 | 42,100 | 45 | HRB85 | |
| 347 | AMS 5362 | As Cast or | Weldable grade, stable to 1500°F |
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| CF-8C | ASTM A 351 | Very Good | Solution Annealed | 70,000 | 32,000 | 30 | HRB85 | |
| (J92710) | MIL S 81591 |
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| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| 410 | AMS 5350 | Annealed | 70,000 | 45,000 | 20 | HRB90 Max | Good combination of hardness and corrosion resistance |
|
| CA-15 | ASTM A 217 | Very Good | Air or Oil Quench | 160,000 | 120,000 | 12 | HRC36 | |
| (J95150) | MIL S 81591 | Hardened & Tempered | 180,000 | 140,000 | 8 | HRC40 | ||
| 200,000 | 150,000 | 6 | HRB42 | |||||
| AMS 5349 | Annealed | 70,000 | 40,000 | 15 | HRB95 Max | Free machining grade of 410; not as tough as 410 |
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| 416 | IC 416 | Fair | ||||||
| (S41600) | MIL S 81591 | Air or Oil Quench | 95,000 | 75,000 | 12 | HRB95 | ||
| Hardened & Tempered | 160,000 | 130,000 | 5 | HRC38 | ||||
| Annealed | 90,000 | 60,000 | 12 | HRC28 Max | Similar to 410; higher hardness but less tough; better wear resistance |
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| 420 | ASTM A 743 | Low Carbon | ||||||
| CA-40 | MIL S 81591 | Good | Hardened & Tempered | 200,000 | 150,000 | 3 | HRC46 | |
| (J91153) | High Carbon | |||||||
| Hardened & Tempered | 200,000 | 150,000 | 3 | HRC48 | ||||
| 430 | Good | Annealed | 60,000 | 45,000 | 15 | HRB95 Max | Better corrosion and heat resistance of series |
|
| (S4300) | ||||||||
| 436 | Heat resistant to 1000°F |
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| Greek Ascoloy | AMS 5354 | Very Good | Hardened & Tempered | 90,000 | 65,000 | 3 | HRC36 Max | |
| (J91631) | ||||||||
| Annealed | 90,000 | 60,000 | 2 | HRC30 Max | Cutlery and molds; high hardness |
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| 440A | IC 440A | |||||||
| (S44002) | MIL S 22216 | Fair | Hardened & Tempered | — | — | Nil | HRC50 | |
| MIL S 81591 | Hardened, Deep | |||||||
| Frozen & Tempered | — | — | Nil | HRC52 | ||||
| 440C | AMS 5352 | Annealed | 90,000 | 60,000 | 2 | HRC30 Max | Highest hardness; best cutlery grade |
|
| (S44004) | MIL S 22216 | Fair | ||||||
| MIL S 81591 | Hardened & Tempered | — | — | Nil | HRC58 |
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Ductile Iron
Strength PSI
| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Brinell Hardness | Strength | Machinability | May Substitute For |
| MIL I 11466 | |||||||||
| Class 1 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 120,000 | 90,000 | 2 | HB243 | |||
| 2 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 100,000 | 75,000 | 4 | HB203 | |||
| 3 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 85,000 | 60,000 | 6 | HB179 | |||
| 4 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 80,000 | 60,000 | 3 | HB163 | |||
| 5 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 60,000 | 45,000 | 10 | HB121 | |||
| 6 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 60,000 | 40,000 | 18 | HB121 | |||
| 60-40-18 | Very Good | As Cast | 60,000 | 40,000 | 18 | HB121 | Lowest | Easiest | 1010, 1020, or 1030 |
| (F32800) | |||||||||
| 60-45-10 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 60,000 | 45,000 | 10 | 140-200 | Low | Easy | |
| 60-45-12 | Very Good | As Cast | 60,000 | 45,000 | 12 | HB121 | Low | Easy | 8620 |
| (F33100) | |||||||||
| 60-45-15 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 60,000 | 45,000 | 15 | 140-190 | Low | Easy | |
| (F33100) | |||||||||
| 80-55-06 | Very Good | As Cast | 80,000 | 55,000 | 6 | HB163 | Medium | Medium | 1040, 4130, 4140, 8630 or 8640 |
| (F33800) | |||||||||
| 100-70-03 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 100,000 | 70,000 | 3 | 240-300 | High | Medium | 4330, 4340, 4620 or 8730 |
| (F34800) | |||||||||
| ADI-2 | Very Good | Heat Treated | 150,000 | 125,000 | 7 | 302-363 | Highest | Medium | Low alloy steels |
| Astempered |
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Cobalt Base Alloys
Strength PSI
| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| Cobalt 6 | AMS 5387 | Good | As Cast | 100,000 | 85,000 | 3 | HRC40 | Best impact. Oxidation resistant to 1600°F |
| (R30006) | ||||||||
| Cobalt 12 | MIL C 24248 | Good | As Cast | — | — | Nil | HRC42 | More wear resistant, not as tough as 6 |
| (R30012) | ||||||||
| Cobalt 21 | AMS 5385 | Very Good | As Cast | 75,000 | 60,000 | 8 | HRC34 Max | High strength up to 1500°F and oxidation resistant to 2100°F |
| (R30021) | ASTM A 732 | Tested at 1500°F | ||||||
| Cobalt 31 | AMS 5382 | Very Good | As Cast | 110,000 | 70,000 | 6 | HRC34 Max | Resistant to oxidizing and reducing atmosphere’s to 2100°F |
| (R30031) | ||||||||
| Cobalt 36 | Good | As Cast | 90,000 | 60,000 | 15 | HRC30 | Good Strength up to 1800°F |
|
| N-155 | AMS 5376 | Good | As Cast | 45,000 | — | 15 | HRC21 Max | High strength up to 1500°F and oxidation resistant to 2000°F |
| (R30155) | Tested at 1500°F |
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Nickel Base Alloys
Strength PSI
| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| Alloy B | AMS 5396 | Good | As Cast | 75,000 | 50,000 | 12 | HRB200 | Resistant to hydrochloric acid |
| (N10001) | ASTM A 494 | |||||||
| Alloy C | AMS 5388 | Fair | As Cast | 75,000 | 45,000 | 12 | HRB200 | Resistant to wet chlorine gas. Oxidation resistant to 1800°F |
| (N10002) | ASTM A 494 | Tested at 1500°F | ||||||
| Alloy X | AMS 5390 | Poor | As Cast | 35,000 | — | 12 | HRB96 Max | Oxidation resistant to 2200°F |
| (N06002) | Tested at 1500°F | |||||||
| Inconel 600 | Fair | As Cast | 65,000 | 35,000 | 10 | HRB80 | Resists oxidation up to 2000°F. Corrosive vapors above 800°F. |
|
| (N06040) | ||||||||
| Monel 410 | ASTM A 494 | Fair | As Cast | 65,000 | 35,000 | 25 | HRB65 | Corrosive resistance and toughness |
| (N04400) |
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Aluminum Alloys
Strength PSI
| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| A354 | MIL A 21180 | Very Good | Solution Treated | 50,000 | 42,000 | 2 | RF85 | Highest yield strength premium quality alloy |
| (A13540) | Plus Aging | |||||||
| 355 | ASTM B 26 | Very Good | Solution Treated | 35,000 | 25,000 | 3 | RF80 | Good strength and corrosion resistance |
| (A03550) | QQ A 601 | Plus Aging | ||||||
| 356 | AMS 4260 | Solution Treated | Most popular aluminum alloy |
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| (A03560) | ASTM B 26 | Excellent | Plus Aging | 36,000 | 24,000 | 5 | BF70 | |
| QQ A 601 | ||||||||
| A356 | AMS 4218 | Low Tensile Heat Treatment | 38,000 | 28,000 | 5 | RF75 | Good Strength, corrosion resistant, stability and weldability – poor brazability |
|
| (A13560) | MIL A 21180 | Excellent | ||||||
| High Tensile Heat Treatment | 40,000 | 30,000 | 3 | RF80 | ||||
| Tenzaloy | ASTM B 26 | Fair | As Cast | 35,000 | 26,000 | 3 | RF75 | Good for color anodizing |
| (A07130) | QQ A 601 | 3 weeks aging |
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Copper Base Alloys
Strength PSI
| Alloy (UNS Nbr) | Similar Designation | Castability | Condition | Tensile | Yield | % Elong | Min Hardness | Remarks |
| Aluminum Bronze | ||||||||
| MIL C 22087 | ||||||||
| Grade C | QQ C 390 | Poor | As Cast | 75,000 | 30,000 | 8 | RB80 | Excellent corrosion resistance |
| (C95400) | ASTM B 148 | Heat Treated | 90,000 | 45,000 | 6 | RB91 | ||
| Grade D | MIL C 22087 | Poor | As Cast | 90,000 | 40,000 | 6 | RB91 | Excellent corrosion resistance; Higher strength than Grade C |
| (C95500) | QQ C 390 | Heat Treated | 110,000 | 60,000 | 5 | RB93 | ||
| Manganese Bronze | ||||||||
| AMS 4860 | ||||||||
| Low Tensile | ASTM B 147 | Poor | As Cast | 65,000 | 35,000 | 16 | RB60 | Toughness and shock resistant |
| (C86500) | MIL C 22087 | |||||||
| High Tensile | AMS 4862 | Poor | As Cast | 110,000 | 60,000 | 8 | RB95 | Harder, less tough than low tensile |
| (C86300) | ASTM B 147 | |||||||
| MIL C 22087 | ||||||||
| Silicon Bronze | ASTM B 763 | Fair | As Cast | 45,000 | 28,000 | 12 | RB50 | High strength at elevated temperatures |
| (C87200) | QQ C 390 | |||||||
| Red Brass | AMS 4855 | Good machinability; pipe fitting |
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| 85-5-5-5 | MIL C 22087 | Very Good | As Cast | 30,000 | 20,000 | 20 | RB30 | |
| (C83600) | QQ C 390 |
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